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Ointments for the protection against organophosphate poisoning
Abstract:
Ointments for the protection against poisoning of the skin by highly toxic organophosphates or organophosphate insecticides were prepared and examined for their protective effect both on guinea-pig skin in vitro and on guinea-pigs in vivo. The results of these investigations were as follows: 1. The prophylactic application of the ointments yields 20 fold reduction of the permeation rate of the toxic organophosphate compared with unprotected skin. 2. The ointments on a polyethyleneglycol basis show their best protective effect if they contain both a base and an active substance. 3. Maximum possible protection can be achieved by applying a thick layer of ointment which should be mechanically removed (by wiping with a damp cellulose tissue) from the contamination site within 30 min.
Insights
New ointments significantly reduce organophosphate poisoning by 20-fold. Optimal protection involves a thick layer of a base and active substance ointment, removed within 30 minutes.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Dermatology
- Occupational Health
Background:
- Organophosphate insecticides pose significant risks of skin poisoning.
- Effective topical protection against organophosphates is crucial for preventing acute toxicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate ointments for protecting skin against highly toxic organophosphates.
- To quantify the protective efficacy of these ointments in vitro and in vivo.
Main Methods:
- Preparation of ointments with polyethyleneglycol bases and active substances.
- In vitro testing on guinea-pig skin to assess permeation rates.
- In vivo testing on guinea-pigs to evaluate overall protective effects.
Main Results:
- Prophylactic ointment application reduced organophosphate permeation by 20-fold compared to unprotected skin.
- Ointments containing both a base and an active substance demonstrated superior protective effects.
- A thick layer of ointment, mechanically removed within 30 minutes, provided maximum protection.
Conclusions:
- Developed ointments offer substantial protection against organophosphate skin poisoning.
- Formulation and application method significantly influence the protective efficacy.
- These findings support the development of topical countermeasures for organophosphate exposure.