Age differences in life satisfaction, locus of control, and self-concept

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Psychology
• Sociology

Background:

• Conflicting literature exists on age differences in life satisfaction, locus of control, and self-concept.
• Existing research largely supports Erikson's theory on ego integrity versus despair in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate age differences in life satisfaction, locus of control, and self-concept among institutionalized veterans.
• To examine the relationship between these measures and Erikson's concept of ego integrity versus despair.

Main Methods:

• Ninety-nine veterans from a V. A. Domiciliary were divided into three age groups (50-59, 60-69, 70+).
• Participants completed standardized measures of life satisfaction, locus of control, and self-concept.
• Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and univariate analyses were employed.

Main Results:

• A significant age difference was found, with older veterans scoring higher on the composite of the three measures.
• Univariate analyses revealed significant age differences in self-concept and life satisfaction, but not locus of control.
• Older veterans, despite lower education and longer institutionalization, exhibited more positive psychological outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Older institutionalized veterans appear to resolve the ego integrity versus despair crisis more effectively than expected.
• Institutional environments may potentially facilitate self-esteem and life satisfaction in elderly residents, contrary to common assumptions.
• Findings suggest that long-term institutionalization does not necessarily impede psychological well-being in later life.