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Related Experiment Videos

Iodinated contrast material: studies relating to complement activation, atopy, cellular association, and antigenicity

R L Siegle, P Lieberman, B R Jennings

    Investigative Radiology
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Iodinated contrast media can activate complement and release histamine from leukocytes, particularly in atopic individuals. Studies show contrast binds to leukocytes and can elicit an immune response, aiding understanding of contrast reactions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Pharmacology
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Unresolved issues persist regarding iodinated contrast media physiology and adverse reactions.
    • Previous research indicates a need for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying contrast-induced hypersensitivity.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for improving patient safety during diagnostic imaging procedures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate complement activation pathways involved in iodinated contrast reactions.
    • To examine histamine release from leukocytes upon exposure to iodinated contrast media.
    • To explore the cellular association of contrast agents and the potential for immunogenicity.

    Main Methods:

    • Evaluation of complement activation markers (total hemolytic complement) in patients experiencing contrast reactions.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • In vitro incubation of leukocytes from atopic and non-atopic subjects with contrast media to assess histamine release.
  • Incubation of I-125-sodium diatrizoate with blood to determine cellular uptake by leukocytes and erythrocytes.
  • Conjugation of diatrizoate bovine serum albumin using the gluteraldehyde technique, followed by antibody detection via ELISA in rabbits.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant reductions in total hemolytic complement were observed post-contrast administration.
    • Individuals with a history of atopy exhibited greater histamine release from leukocytes when exposed to contrast media compared to normal subjects.
    • Leukocytes, but not erythrocytes, demonstrated significant retention of radioactivity after incubation with I-125-sodium diatrizoate.
    • Antibody activity against diatrizoate was detected in rabbit serum after immunization with a diatrizoate-bovine serum albumin conjugate.

    Conclusions:

    • Iodinated contrast media can activate the complement system and induce histamine release from leukocytes, especially in atopic individuals.
    • Contrast agents exhibit cellular association with leukocytes, suggesting a potential mechanism for hypersensitivity reactions.
    • The immunogenicity of iodinated contrast media can be demonstrated, contributing to the understanding of rare immunologic adverse events.