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Caliciviridae

F L Schaffer, H L Bachrach, F Brown

    Intervirology
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Caliciviruses, a proposed viral family, possess unique cup-shaped capsid structures and infectious single-stranded RNA. These viruses are linked to gastroenteritis in humans, though not yet lab-cultured.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Caliciviruses (proposed family Caliciviridae) exhibit distinct virion morphology characterized by cup-shaped depressions on a spherical capsid.
    • These viruses contain infectious single-stranded RNA (approx. 2.6 x 10^6 molecular weight) covalently linked to a protein.
    • The capsid is composed of a single major polypeptide, with a subgenomic RNA (approx. 1 x 10^6 molecular weight) coding for it found in infected cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the structural and genetic characteristics of caliciviruses.
    • To review known caliciviruses infecting animals and their identification in human gastroenteritis.

    Main Methods:

    • Morphological characterization of virions.
    • Analysis of viral RNA and protein composition.
    • Identification of viruses in host samples.

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    Main Results:

    • Caliciviruses have a distinct morphology with cup-shaped depressions and a single major capsid polypeptide.
    • Infectious single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) with a specific molecular weight is present.
    • Subgenomic RNA encoding the capsid polypeptide has been identified.
    • Caliciviruses from swine, pinnipeds, and cats have been characterized.
    • Morphologically identical viruses associated with human gastroenteritis have been found in feces.

    Conclusions:

    • Caliciviridae represents a distinct viral family based on morphology and genetic material.
    • Caliciviruses are significant pathogens, causing gastroenteritis in various animal species and humans.
    • Further research is needed, particularly in laboratory propagation of human-associated strains.