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The primacy-recency effect in counselor response

G A Tyson, D Kramer

    Journal of Clinical Psychology
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Counselors did not show a recency effect, focusing on the latter message. Instead, they often responded nonspecifically or addressed both client messages, prioritizing content over message order.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Communication Studies
    • Counseling

    Background:

    • The recency effect hypothesis suggests counselors prioritize the last message in a client's statement.
    • Empirical investigation is needed to validate this proposed cognitive bias in counseling interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To empirically test the recency effect in experienced telephone counselors.
    • To analyze counselor response patterns when presented with client statements containing two distinct messages.

    Main Methods:

    • Twenty-six experienced telephone counselors participated.
    • Each counselor responded to 12 client statements, each with two sequential messages.
    • Counselor responses were categorized by focus, and frequencies analyzed using chi-square tests.

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    Main Results:

    • No statistical support was found for the recency effect hypothesis.
    • Counselors' responses were frequently nonspecific or encompassed both messages.
    • Evidence suggests counselors attend to message content over sequential positioning.

    Conclusions:

    • The recency effect does not appear to significantly influence telephone counselors' responses.
    • Counselor response strategies involve addressing overall content or both messages, rather than favoring the latter.
    • This challenges the presumed cognitive bias in sequential message processing during counseling.