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Hearing loss in brainstem disorders

L M Luxon

    Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
    |June 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Brainstem disorders frequently cause hearing loss, affecting 59% of patients. This hearing deficit is typically mild to moderate, bilateral, and impacts higher frequencies, with varying severity across multiple sclerosis, vertebro-basilar ischemia, and brainstem tumors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Audiology
    • Otolaryngology

    Background:

    • Brainstem disorders encompass a range of neurological conditions affecting critical auditory pathways.
    • Understanding the audiological impact of these disorders is crucial for comprehensive patient care.
    • Previous research has not fully elucidated the prevalence and characteristics of hearing loss in diverse brainstem pathologies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the incidence and severity of hearing loss in patients with brainstem disorders.
    • To analyze hearing loss patterns in specific conditions: multiple sclerosis, vertebro-basilar ischemia, and brainstem tumors.
    • To correlate audiometric findings with specific neuropathologies.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 309 unselected patients diagnosed with brainstem disorders.

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  • Pure tone audiometry was performed and corrected for age and sex.
  • Audiograms were analyzed to assess hearing thresholds, degree of loss, laterality, and frequency involvement.

    • Main Results:

    • 59% of patients exhibited hearing thresholds exceeding 10dB, with 26% exceeding 30dB.
    • The majority of hearing loss (87%) was mild to moderate (11-59dB) and predominantly affected higher frequencies.
    • Bilateral hearing loss was present in 75% of affected individuals, with the mildest losses in multiple sclerosis and the most severe in brainstem tumors.

    Conclusions:

    • Hearing loss is a common audiological consequence of brainstem disorders.
    • The hearing impairment is generally mild to moderate, bilateral, and affects higher frequencies.
    • The degree of hearing loss varies significantly among different brainstem pathologies, being least severe in multiple sclerosis and most severe in brainstem tumors.