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Effects of lactic acid accumulation and ATP decrease on muscle tension and relaxation

K Sahlin, L Edström, H Sjöholm

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |March 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Lactic acid accumulation, not ATP levels, significantly impacts muscle fatigue during exercise. Decreased pH and increased ADP are key factors in reduced muscle tension and slower relaxation rates.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Muscle Physiology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Muscle fatigue is a complex phenomenon affecting performance.
    • Lactic acid accumulation is a known byproduct of anaerobic metabolism.
    • The precise role of lactic acid and associated metabolic changes in muscle fatigue requires further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of lactic acid accumulation on isometric twitch tension and relaxation rate.
    • To differentiate the effects of lactic acid from changes in ATP content during muscle stimulation.
    • To determine the relationship between muscle pH, ADP levels, and muscle fatigue.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolated rat extensor digitorum longus muscles were used.
    • Muscles were electrically stimulated under anaerobic conditions.

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  • Glycolysis was inhibited using iodoacetic acid (IAA) for comparison.

    • Main Results:

    • Unpoisoned muscles showed a 50% tension decrease and 250% increase in relaxation time after 3 min, with a 15-fold lactate increase and pH drop to 6.76.
    • IAA-poisoned muscles exhibited a 50% tension decrease within 1 min but no change in relaxation time.
    • IAA-poisoned muscles had a ~50% ATP decrease, while unpoisoned muscles showed only a 10-15% decrease.

    Conclusions:

    • Tension decline in fatigued muscle is linked to decreased muscle pH and increased ADP, not solely ATP levels.
    • Slower muscle relaxation is associated with reduced muscle pH, independent of ATP or creatine phosphate content.