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Functional consequences of expanded aortic bulb: a model study

K B Campbell, E A Rhode, R H Cox

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |March 1, 1981
    PubMed
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    Diving mammals possess a unique dilated ascending aorta, which mathematical models show optimizes arterial function during dives. This adaptation reduces cardiac workload and may aid survival during prolonged oxygen deprivation.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Biomechanical Engineering
    • Comparative Anatomy

    Background:

    • Diving mammals exhibit physiological adaptations for prolonged breath-hold.
    • The mechanical properties of the arterial system, particularly the ascending aorta, are crucial for cardiovascular function during physiological stress.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanical effects and physiological functions of the dilated ascending aorta in diving mammals using mathematical modeling.
    • To determine if the unique aortic geometry in diving mammals optimizes cardiovascular performance during dives.

    Main Methods:

    • A mathematical model of a canine arterial system was developed and validated against experimental data.
    • The model was modified to simulate diving mammal arterial systems by altering vascular parameters and ascending aorta dimensions.

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  • Different compliance distribution patterns were evaluated for their impact on aortic input impedance.

    • Main Results:

    • The modified model accurately simulated pressure and flow dynamics in diving mammal arteries during simulated dives.
    • The geometric distribution of compliance in diving mammal arteries was found to be optimal.
    • This optimal pattern significantly reduced aortic impedance and peak systolic pressure.

    Conclusions:

    • The dilated ascending aorta in diving mammals is mechanically optimized to reduce impedance and systolic pressure.
    • This adaptation likely enhances left ventricular function and supports prolonged ischemia tolerance.
    • The findings offer insights into the cardiovascular adaptations essential for deep-sea diving survival.