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Hypercalcitoninism without hypercalcitoninemia

C M Rostkowski, T D Wilson, G S Allan

    The Cornell Veterinarian
    |April 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Overfeeding young dairy cows calcium and phosphorus caused bone disease and C cell hyperplasia, indicating hypercalcitoninism. Even without skeletal issues, high calcium intake slowed bone resorption and raised gastrin levels.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Endocrinology
    • Bone Biology

    Background:

    • Overnutrition in livestock can lead to metabolic and skeletal disorders.
    • Dairy cows require specific nutrient balances for high production, but excessive intake can be detrimental.
    • Osteopetrosis and skeletal malformations are serious conditions affecting bone health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of overfeeding protein, calcium, and phosphorus on yearling heifers.
    • To determine if hypercalcitoninism, characterized by retarded bone resorption, occurs in heifers fed a high-producing dairy cow diet.
    • To assess serum chemistry, including calcitonin and gastrin levels, in heifers with and without skeletal abnormalities.

    Main Methods:

    • Yearling heifers were fed a diet formulated for high-producing dairy cows, rich in protein, calcium, and phosphorus.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Histologic and electron microscopic examinations were performed to assess bone structure and C cell status.
  • Serum chemistry analysis was conducted to measure hormone levels (calcitonin, gastrin) and other parameters.

    • Main Results:

    • Heifers developed osteopetrosis and skeletal malformations due to retarded bone resorption.
    • C cell hyperplasia was observed, supporting a diagnosis of hypercalcitoninism.
    • Even in heifers without overt skeletal malformations, high calcium intake led to retarded bone resorption and elevated serum gastrin, while calcitonin levels remained normal (isocalcitoninemia).

    Conclusions:

    • Overfeeding calcium can induce hypercalcitoninism, even without hypercalcitoninemia, due to rapid calcitonin clearance.
    • Retarded bone resorption and C cell hyperplasia are key indicators of hypercalcitoninism in this dietary model.
    • These findings highlight the importance of balanced nutrition in preventing skeletal diseases in young cattle.