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Aging opinion survey: a report on instrument development

R A Kafer, W Rakowski, M Lachman

    International Journal of Aging & Human Development
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study developed the Aging Opinion Survey to measure attitudes toward aging. The final instrument identified three reliable factors: stereotypic age decrement, personal anxiety toward aging, and social value of the elderly.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Psychology
    • Sociology

    Background:

    • Attitude instrument development is crucial for understanding aging.
    • Existing research faces theoretical and empirical challenges in gerontological attitudes.
    • A multidimensional approach is needed to capture complex attitudes toward aging and the elderly.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the initial development of the Aging Opinion Survey.
    • To create a reliable instrument for measuring multidimensional attitudes towards aging.
    • To establish reliable scales reflecting peer, personal, and generalized-elderly referents.

    Main Methods:

    • An initial 120-item pool was constructed and refined through pilot analysis.
    • The survey was administered to gerontological practitioners and students (n=200, then n=226).
    • Factor analysis was used to identify and validate attitudinal dimensions.

    Main Results:

    • Pilot analysis reduced the item pool by eliminating sixty items.
    • Factor analysis of the reduced set yielded four meaningful factors.
    • Three reliable factors emerged: Stereotypic age decrement, Personal anxiety toward aging, and Social value of the elderly.

    Conclusions:

    • The Aging Opinion Survey is a valid instrument for assessing attitudes toward aging.
    • The identified scales provide reliable measures related to different referents of aging.
    • Further development of such instruments is essential for advancing gerontological attitude research.

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