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Extraocular muscle forces in normal human subjects

C C Collins, M R Carlson, A B Scott

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

|May 1, 1981

Summary

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Horizontal eye muscle forces and tissue stiffnesses were measured in healthy volunteers. A muscle force below 45 gm may indicate paresis, aiding in understanding oculomotor pathology.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Biomechanics
Oculomotor System

Background:

Understanding the biomechanical properties of extraocular muscles is crucial for diagnosing oculomotor disorders.
Previous research has focused on static measurements, but dynamic properties are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To measure active muscle forces and tissue stiffnesses in normal human subjects.
To establish normative data for horizontal eye muscle function.
To identify potential indicators of muscle paresis based on force generation.

Main Methods:

Noninvasive length-tension forceps were used to measure active and passive forces.
Measurements were taken in 29 healthy volunteers (18-33 years old) at various gaze directions.
Active fixation force, tissue stiffness, and hysteresis were quantified.

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Main Results:

Mean active fixation force was greater for the medial rectus (74.8 gm) than the lateral rectus (59.1 gm) at 50 degrees gaze.
Individual muscle force variation was 2:1 (48-103 gm).
Tissue stiffness was higher in the nasal direction (1.05 gm/deg) than temporal (0.94 gm/deg).

Conclusions:

A maximum active force below 45 gm suggests potential muscle paresis.
Variations in muscle force and stiffness may reflect reciprocal innervation patterns and oculomotor pathology.
Normative data on active forces and tissue stiffness are established for horizontal eye muscles.