The carcinogen chromate induces DNA cross-links in rat liver and kidney

DNA cross-links were found in nuclei isolated from the liver and kidney of rats treated with chromate. A dose-dependent relationship between chromate exposure and total DNA cross-links was determined using the alkaline elution technique. DNA cross-links in kidney were mainly DNA-protein in nature. Chromate also induced a small amount of interstrand DNA cross-links in kidney. Liver nuclei contained protein-associated DNA single strand breaks in addition to DNA-protein cross-links. The organotropic DNA damage induced by chromate is discussed in relation to the carcinogenicity and toxicity of chromium(VI) compounds.