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Related Experiment Videos

Amikacin nephrotoxicity in the rat

D C Houghton, C E Plamp, D N Gilbert

    Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Amikacin treatment in rats showed dose-dependent kidney effects. Higher doses caused tubular necrosis and azotemia, indicating varying nephrotoxicity compared to other aminoglycosides.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Pharmacology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Aminoglycosides are critical antibiotics, but their use is limited by potential kidney toxicity.
    • Understanding the comparative nephrotoxicity of different aminoglycosides is crucial for safe clinical application.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the nephrotoxic potential of amikacin in Fischer rats.
    • To compare amikacin's nephrotoxicity with other commonly used aminoglycosides.

    Main Methods:

    • Fischer rats were administered amikacin at two dose levels (120 mg/kg/day and 360 mg/kg/day) for 14 days.
    • Renal function was assessed by monitoring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels.
    • Kidney tissue was examined for histopathological changes and drug concentrations were measured.

    Main Results:

    • Low-dose amikacin (120 mg/kg/day) caused renal proximal tubule vacuolation, but BUN and creatinine remained normal.
    • High-dose amikacin (360 mg/kg/day) resulted in focal proximal tubular necrosis, regeneration, and azotemia.
    • Renal cortical drug levels increased with dose and duration, peaking and then declining during treatment.
    • Ultrastructural changes were consistent with other aminoglycoside-induced kidney injury.

    Conclusions:

    • Amikacin exhibits dose-dependent nephrotoxicity in Fischer rats.
    • Compared to gentamicin, amikacin appears less nephrotoxic; however, it is more toxic than tobramycin and netilmicin in this model.

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