Polyvinyl alcohol coating: an improvement of the freeze-fracture technique

A modification of the freeze-fracture technique, involving the coating of tissues with polyvinyl alcohol (Vinol) prior to freezing, is described. This results in substantial improvements over the more conventional method in which material is cryoprotected and frozen in buffered glycerol alone. The high vacuum is produced more rapidly and can be better than in the absence of vinol and the speed of replica recuperation is greatly increased.