Enhancement of cooling and rewarming by a jet water system in surface-induced deep hypothermia

To shorten the time of cooling and rewarming in surface-induced deep hypothermia, we devised a jet water system for hypothermia which was constructed within the water bath of the operating-table. In the clinical applications for open heart surgery under surface-induced deep hypothermia, we found that the time required for cooling and rewarming, particularly the later, was significantly reduced without any adverse effects.