Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
Published on: July 3, 2013
Effects of citrinin on renal tubular transport functions in the rat
Abstract:
The fungal toxin, citrinin, has been implicated as a nephrotoxin. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were undertaken to examine, in a controlled laboratory setting, the effects of citrinin on overall renal function as well as on specific renal transport processes. At a dose of 70 mg/kg citrinin caused an increase in urine production and a decrease in urine osmolality in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Maximal effects were observed at 4 days after a single dose, and animals surviving for that time period regained normal renal function by 5--8 days. Animals that failed to survive first entered a period of oliguria or anuria. Fischer 344 rats did not demonstrate an unusual sensitivity to citrinin. Renal slice transport of various organic compounds, e.g., paminohippurate (PAH) and tetraethylammonium (TEA), also was inhibited with maximal effects seen at day 4. In vitro effects of citrinin on fresh renal tissue were different, in part, from the effects seen with pretreatment. No alterations of renal cortical inorganic electrolytes were observed.
Related Concept Videos
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
Formation of Dilute Urine
Filtrate Osmolarity in the PCT
Initially, as the filtrate passes through the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), its...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...

