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Corynebacterium diphtheriae septicemia

J L Isaac-Renton, W J Boyko, R Chan

    American Journal of Clinical Pathology
    |April 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed septicemia from a nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain, leading to liver and spleen abscesses. This case highlights rare Corynebacterium infections in immunocompromised individuals.

    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Hematology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common hematologic malignancy.
    • Immunocompromised states, such as those seen in CLL patients, increase susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
    • Nontoxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae are typically considered less virulent.

    Observation:

    • A case of septicemia caused by a nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain is presented.
    • The patient had a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
    • Autopsy revealed numerous abscesses in the liver and spleen.

    Findings:

    • Nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae can cause severe invasive infections, including septicemia and abscess formation.
    • The presence of multiple abscesses indicates a significant systemic infection.

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  • This case underscores the potential pathogenicity of atypical Corynebacterium strains in immunocompromised hosts.

    • Implications:

    • Clinicians should consider Corynebacterium species, including nontoxigenic strains, in the differential diagnosis of infections in CLL patients.
    • Further research into the virulence factors and clinical spectrum of nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae is warranted.
    • Enhanced surveillance for unusual pathogens in immunocompromised populations is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.