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Phenytoin sodium solubility in three intravenous solutions
American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
|March 1, 1981
Summary
Phenytoin sodium injection stability varies by diluent. It is more stable in 0.9% sodium chloride and lactated Ringer's than in 5% dextrose injections, making them suitable for IV administration.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Intravenous Fluid Compatibility
- Drug Stability
Background:
- Phenytoin sodium injection is a commonly used anticonvulsant.
- Understanding its solubility and stability in various intravenous fluids is crucial for safe administration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the solubility and stability of phenytoin sodium injection in different intravenous fluids.
- To compare the compatibility of two phenytoin sodium injection brands with common IV diluents.
Main Methods:
- Phenytoin sodium for injection was added to 0.9% sodium chloride, lactated Ringer's, and 5% dextrose injections at various concentrations.
- pH, crystal formation (visual and nephelometry), and phenytoin concentration (spectrophotometry) were measured over 1440 minutes.
Main Results:
- Phenytoin concentration declined rapidly in dextrose solutions, with brand-dependent rates.
- Higher stability was observed in 0.9% sodium chloride and lactated Ringer's, maintaining >95% concentration for 8 hours.
- Crystals formed in all dextrose solutions and were detected in all tested solutions.
- pH increased sharply in all solutions upon phenytoin addition.
Conclusions:
- 0.9% sodium chloride and lactated Ringer's are suitable diluents for intravenous phenytoin sodium administration.
- Phenytoin stability in dextrose solutions is affected by factors beyond pH and cosolvent concentration.