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Related Experiment Videos

Red cell distribution width in sickle cell anemia

D J Schweiger

    The American Journal of Medical Technology
    |April 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Red cell distribution width (RDW) effectively differentiates sickle cell anemia from other anemias. Elevated RDW levels were significantly more prevalent in sickle cell patients, highlighting its diagnostic utility.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Clinical Pathology

    Background:

    • Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an emerging parameter reflecting red blood cell size variation (anisocytosis).
    • Electronic cell counters, such as the Coulter Counter Model S-Plus, routinely measure RDW.
    • Mean cell volume (MCV) provides average red blood cell size, while RDW quantifies size heterogeneity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the diagnostic utility of RDW in distinguishing sickle cell anemia (SCA) from other causes of anemia.
    • To compare RDW values between SCA patients and patients with anemia from diverse etiologies.

    Main Methods:

    • RDW and MCV values were measured electronically.
    • Analysis included ANCOVA statistical testing to compare RDW between patient groups.
    • Patient groups comprised 40 individuals with SCA and 40 with other anemias.

    Main Results:

    • RDW values showed a statistically significant difference between SCA and other anemia groups (F = 23.0, p < 0.001).
    • Elevated RDW (>13.0, Coulter normal range 9.5-11.5) was observed in 33/40 SCA patients versus 15/40 patients with other anemias.
    • RDW was the sole parameter differentiating the groups; MCV and hemoglobin levels did not show significant differences.

    Conclusions:

    • RDW is a valuable parameter for differentiating sickle cell anemia from other types of anemia.
    • Increased RDW is a sensitive indicator for sickle cell anemia, outperforming MCV and hemoglobin in this comparative analysis.

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