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Bilateral three-headed biceps brachii muscles

M G Swieter, S W Carmichael

    Anatomischer Anzeiger
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    An 83-year-old man presented a rare bilateral anatomical variation: a symmetrical three-headed biceps brachii muscle. This significant finding highlights the potential for substantial muscular anomalies in human anatomy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Anatomy
    • Human Morphology
    • Musculoskeletal System

    Background:

    • The biceps brachii muscle typically consists of two heads: the long head and the short head.
    • Anatomical variations in the human musculoskeletal system are well-documented but often unilateral or minor.
    • Bilateral and substantial muscular variations present unique cases for anatomical study.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document and describe a rare case of bilaterally symmetrical, three-headed biceps brachii muscles.
    • To analyze the morphological characteristics, including origin, insertion, and relative size, of the supernumerary muscle heads.
    • To discuss the potential clinical and anatomical implications of this significant bilateral variation.

    Main Methods:

    • Gross anatomical dissection of the upper limbs of an 83-year-old Caucasian male cadaver.
    • Detailed observation and documentation of the biceps brachii muscle morphology, including origins, insertions, and relative proportions.
    • Comparison of the observed anatomy with established anatomical norms.

    Main Results:

    • The cadaver exhibited bilaterally symmetrical, three-headed biceps brachii muscles.
    • Each third head demonstrated a humeral origin and inserted into the common conjoined tendon of the respective side.
    • The supernumerary third heads were substantial in size, each weighing approximately half that of the ipsilateral long or short head.
    • Innervation and vascular supply were consistent with the musculocutaneous nerve and brachial artery, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • This case represents a rare and significant bilateral anatomical variation of the biceps brachii muscle.
    • The presence of large, symmetrical third heads underscores the potential for considerable deviations from typical human muscular anatomy.
    • Such variations may have implications for understanding biomechanics, surgical approaches, and the interpretation of imaging studies.

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