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Lysosomal hydrolases in middle ear effusions

W F Diven, R H Glew, C D Bluestone

    The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology
    |March 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Middle ear effusions show significantly higher lysosomal hydrolase enzyme activity in mucoid and purulent fluids compared to serous fluids. This suggests distinct biochemical profiles in different middle ear effusion types.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Otolaryngology
    • Enzymology

    Background:

    • Middle ear effusions (MEE) are effusions in the middle ear, often classified by viscosity (serous, mucoid, purulent).
    • Previous biochemical studies indicated elevated hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in mucoid MEE compared to serous MEE.
    • Lysosomal hydrolases play crucial roles in cellular metabolism and immune responses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify a broad spectrum of lysosomal hydrolase activities in different types of middle ear effusions.
    • To investigate the correlation between enzyme activity and the presence of bacteria in MEE.
    • To analyze isozyme patterns of specific enzymes, particularly hexosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase, in various MEE types.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of specific enzyme activities for multiple lysosomal hydrolases (alpha-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-glucuronidase, hexosaminidase, acid phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase) in serous, mucoid, and purulent MEE.
    • Comparison of enzyme activities between different MEE types.
    • Assessment of isozyme distribution for hexosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase.
    • Correlation analysis between enzyme activity and bacterial presence.

    Main Results:

    • Mucoid effusions exhibited significantly higher specific activities for most lysosomal hydrolases (e.g., alpha-glucosidase ten times higher) compared to serous effusions.
    • Purulent effusions showed intermediate enzyme activities between serous and mucoid effusions.
    • No significant correlation was found between lysosomal hydrolase activity and bacterial presence in serous or mucoid effusions.
    • Hexosaminidase isozyme distribution was similar across serous, mucoid, and human serum.
    • Mucoid effusions displayed a distinct beta-glucuronidase isozyme pattern, with a prominent anionic isoenzyme not typically found in human serum.

    Conclusions:

    • Middle ear effusion type (serous, mucoid, purulent) is associated with distinct profiles of lysosomal hydrolase activities.
    • The elevated levels of specific enzymes in mucoid and purulent MEE suggest altered cellular processes or inflammatory responses.
    • The unique beta-glucuronidase isozyme pattern in mucoid MEE warrants further investigation into its specific role and origin.

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