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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Public Health
    • Preventive Medicine

    Background:

    • Rising incidence of malignant tumors in Czechoslovakia necessitated a comprehensive oncological program.
    • Secondary prevention through early detection of tumors and precancerous lesions is a key component.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To implement and evaluate an oncological screening program for early detection of cancer and other diseases.
    • To assess the prevalence of malignancies, precancerous lesions, hypertension, and diabetes in a screened population.

    Main Methods:

    • An experimental screening program involving oncological examinations was conducted in four districts.
    • Over 111,000 inhabitants from selected groups were screened over two years.
    • Examinations also included screening for hypertension and diabetes, supported by clinical oncology centers.

    Main Results:

    • The screening identified 0.2% new malignancies and 24% precancerous lesions.
    • Significant numbers of new hypertension (6,204) and diabetes (2,616) cases were detected.
    • Clinical oncology centers and specialized committees (e.g., for breast cancer, malignant melanoma) supported early diagnosis and therapy.

    Conclusions:

    • The oncological program demonstrated effectiveness in detecting early-stage cancers and precancerous conditions.
    • The screening initiative successfully identified new cases of hypertension and diabetes.
    • Expansion of the program across Czechoslovakia is planned to further combat malignant tumors.