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Biochemical changes in intervertebral disc degeneration

G Lyons, S M Eisenstein, M B Sweet

    Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
    |April 3, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Degenerate intervertebral discs show reduced water and proteoglycan content, especially in the disc center. Proteoglycans in these discs are larger and have altered composition compared to normal discs.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Biomaterials Science
    • Orthopedics

    Background:

    • Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a complex process affecting spinal health.
    • Matrix components like collagen, proteoglycans, and water are crucial for disc function.
    • Understanding changes in these components is key to addressing IDD.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the distribution of collagen, proteoglycans, and water in normal versus degenerate human intervertebral discs.
    • To analyze the structural and compositional differences of proteoglycans between normal and degenerate disc tissues.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of matrix component distribution across disc diameter.
    • Biochemical examination of proteoglycans from nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus.

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  • Enzymatic digestion (chondroitinase ABC) and affinity chromatography (HS-Sepharose 2B) of proteoglycans.

    • Main Results:

    • Water and proteoglycan content decreased with degeneration, particularly centrally.
    • Degenerate disc proteoglycans exhibited larger average hydrodynamic size and a higher glucosamine to galactosamine ratio.
    • A greater proportion of degenerate disc keratan sulfate-protein cores interacted with hyaluronate, indicating altered aggregation.

    Conclusions:

    • Degeneration is associated with significant changes in proteoglycan content and structure.
    • Altered proteoglycan aggregation and potential degradation in the hyaluronate binding region are observed in degenerate discs.
    • Proteoglycan synthesis rates may differ between normal and degenerate intervertebral disc tissues.