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Peripheral vascular responses during acute anemia

C K Chapler, W N Stainsby, M A Lillie

    Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
    |February 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Acute anemia in dogs caused a shift of blood volume from the periphery to the center, increasing venous return. This response was mediated by enhanced venomotor tone, suggesting a compensatory mechanism.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Cardiovascular System
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Acute anemia significantly impacts cardiovascular function.
    • Understanding peripheral vascular responses is crucial for managing anemia.
    • Neurally mediated alterations in vasomotor tone play a role in circulatory adjustments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate peripheral vascular responses during acute anemia.
    • To determine the role of venomotor tone in blood volume redistribution.
    • To assess the impact of acute anemia on venous return.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 19 anesthetized dogs undergoing isovolemic dextran-for-blood exchange to induce acute anemia.
    • Measured hindlimb weight and venous pressures.
    • Assessed arterial and venous pressure changes in occluded limbs to evaluate vasomotor tone.

    Main Results:

    • Acute anemia (hematocrit ~14%) led to a decrease in hindlimb weight and a rise in limb venous pressure.
    • Anemic dogs exhibited greater vasomotor tone in the hindlimb compared to controls.
    • A peripheral-to-central blood volume translocation was observed, increasing venous return.

    Conclusions:

    • Peripheral vascular responses in acute anemia involve a translocation of blood volume from the periphery to the central circulation.
    • Increased venomotor tone is a key mechanism driving this volume redistribution.
    • These findings suggest a compensatory cardiovascular adjustment to maintain venous return during acute anemia.

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