Problems in the Munz and Smouse procedure for operationalizing reactions to test anxiety: proposal of a new procedure

Three problems in the Munz and Smouse procedure make it unacceptable as an operationalization of four reactions to test anxiety alluded to by Alpert and Haber. As a demonstration of two of the problems, the procedure was applied to the scores of 176 male and female college students. A new procedure for operationalizing the four reactions, which avoids the problems in the Munz and Smouse procedure, was described. Practical problems likely to be encountered in using the new procedure were discussed.