His-Purkinje responses and refractory periods during atrial extrastimulation in children with heart defects

During atrial extrastimulation, split His potentials, prolonged His-to-ventricular (H2V2) intervals and block distal to the His bundle deflection were observed in both preoperative and postoperative children with heart defects. His-Purkinje responses and refractoriness were identified in 31 of 78 (40%) pediatric patients (20 of 51 preoperative and 11 of 27 postoperative) during atrial extrastimulation coupled to sinus and/or paced cycle lengths. Split His potentials were found in 14 patients (eight preoperative and six postoperative) and His bundle relative refractory periods ranged from 250--490 msec. Prolonged H2V2 intervals were found in these and in an additional 16 patients (11 preoperative and five postoperative) and the relative refractory period of the His-Purkinje system ranged from 230--500 msec. Block distal to the His deflection occurred in seven patients (five preoperative and two postoperative) and the effective refractory period ranged from 230--510 msec. Split His potentials, long H2V2 intervals and block distal to the His bundle deflection produced by atrial extrastimulation were found in peroperative as well as postoperative children. These responses probably represent functional electrophysiologic characteristics of the pediatric cardiac conduction system.