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Ascorbic acid metabolism in diabetes mellitus

S Som, S Basu, D Mukherjee

    Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
    |June 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Diabetic patients show lower plasma ascorbic acid and higher dehydroascorbic acid levels. Ascorbic acid supplementation temporarily increased plasma levels but did not improve glycemic control in diabetes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Nutritional Science
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Diabetes mellitus is associated with altered vitamin C metabolism.
    • Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) plays a crucial role in cellular functions and antioxidant defense.
    • Understanding vitamin C dynamics in diabetes is essential for managing complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate plasma and leukocyte ascorbic acid levels in diabetic patients compared to healthy individuals.
    • To explore the factors influencing ascorbic acid metabolism in diabetes.
    • To assess the efficacy of ascorbic acid supplementation in improving glycemic control.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of plasma and leukocyte ascorbic acid concentrations.
    • Measurement of dehydroascorbic acid reduction rates, reduced glutathione, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity.

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  • In vivo studies using diabetic rat models.
  • Clinical trial of ascorbic acid supplementation in diabetic patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Diabetic patients exhibited significantly lower plasma ascorbic acid and higher dehydroascorbic acid levels.
    • Leukocyte ascorbic acid concentrations, in vitro dehydroascorbate reduction, and related enzyme activities were similar between groups.
    • Ascorbic acid turnover was higher in diabetics, suggesting increased oxidation.
    • Ascorbic acid supplementation temporarily raised plasma levels but did not reduce blood glucose.

    Conclusions:

    • Diabetes is characterized by impaired ascorbic acid status, primarily due to increased oxidation.
    • Current supplementation strategies may not effectively address the underlying metabolic derangements in diabetes.
    • Further research is needed to optimize vitamin C interventions for diabetic patients.