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Senecio lautus toxicity in cattle

K H Walker, P D Kirkland

    Australian Veterinary Journal
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity from Senecio lautus (common fireweed) caused cattle mortalities and poor growth in New South Wales. Liver biopsy histopathology proved the most sensitive method for detecting this toxicity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Toxicology
    • Plant-Animal Interactions
    • Ruminant Health

    Background:

    • Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) poisoning is a significant concern in livestock.
    • Senecio lautus (common fireweed) is a known source of PAs.
    • Previous reports indicated potential cattle health issues linked to S. lautus in Australia.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between Senecio lautus consumption and observed mortalities and poor growth in cattle.
    • To experimentally determine the toxicity of S. lautus subsp maritimus in cattle.
    • To evaluate diagnostic methods for pyrrolizidine alkaloid exposure in affected cattle.

    Main Methods:

    • Field investigation of cattle mortalities and poor growth on a New South Wales property.
    • Experimental feeding of S. lautus subsp maritimus to calves.

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  • Histopathological examination of liver, kidney, and other tissues from affected cattle and experimental calves.
  • Monitoring of clinical signs, growth rates, and liver lesions in experimental animals.

    • Main Results:

    • Cattle mortalities and poor growth syndrome were strongly associated with S. lautus presence.
    • Experimental feeding of S. lautus subsp maritimus caused death in 2 calves within 77 days and reduced growth in a third.
    • Histopathological evidence of pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis was found in the liver, biliary tree, gall bladder, and kidneys of affected and experimentally dosed calves.
    • Liver biopsy histopathology was the most sensitive diagnostic technique for detecting PA exposure.

    Conclusions:

    • Senecio lautus is a potent cause of pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity in cattle, leading to significant mortality and growth impairment.
    • Experimental evidence confirms the toxicity of S. lautus subsp maritimus.
    • Histopathology of liver biopsies is a critical diagnostic tool for identifying pyrrolizidine alkaloid exposure in cattle.