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Asialo platelets enhance thrombopoiesis

S Karpatkin, S Shulman

Transactions of the Association of American Physicians

|January 1, 1980

Summary

Asialo platelets, which lack sialic acid, stimulate the bone marrow to produce more platelets. This suggests that older, desialidated platelets may regulate normal platelet production.

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Area of Science:

Hematology
Biochemistry
Cell Biology

Background:

Terminal sialic acid on glycoproteins influences their lifespan in circulation.
Asialo platelets exhibit a reduced survival rate in the bloodstream.
The role of platelet desialidation in regulating thrombopoiesis was previously unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hypothesis that asialo platelets impact the basal rate of thrombopoiesis.
To determine if desialidated platelets can stimulate platelet production.

Main Methods:

Thrombopoiesis was quantified by measuring 75Se-selenomethionine incorporation into circulating rabbit platelets.
Asialo platelets were generated by treating washed platelets with neuraminidase.
A stimulation index was calculated by comparing platelet production after sequential injections (saline vs. asialo platelets).

Main Results:

Injection of asialo platelets significantly increased the stimulation index (2.08 +/- 0.23) compared to saline controls (1.22 +/- 0.07).
Untreated platelets, sonicated asialo platelets, or chymotrypsin-treated platelets did not stimulate thrombopoiesis.
The effect was specific to intact asialo platelets.

Conclusions:

Intact asialo platelets actively stimulate megakaryocytes, leading to increased platelet production.
Desialidated platelets are proposed as a potential regulator of the basal stimulus for thrombopoiesis.
This finding sheds light on the clearance mechanisms and functional roles of aged platelets.

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