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Single-dose pharmacokinetics of acyclovir

S A Spector, J D Connor, M Hintz

    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
    |April 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Intravenous acyclovir pharmacokinetics were evaluated in patients with advanced malignancies. The antiviral drug showed a half-life of 1.8-3.7 hours, with most of the dose excreted in urine.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Oncology
    • Clinical Pharmacy

    Background:

    • Acyclovir is a key antiviral medication used in various clinical settings.
    • Understanding its pharmacokinetic profile is crucial for optimizing therapeutic efficacy, especially in vulnerable patient populations like those with advanced malignancies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered acyclovir.
    • To assess the impact of different infusion durations (1-hour vs. 6-hour) on acyclovir plasma levels and disposition.
    • To evaluate the safety and tolerability of acyclovir in patients with advanced cancers.

    Main Methods:

    • A pharmacokinetic study involving 10 patients with advanced malignancies.
    • Intravenous administration of acyclovir at doses of 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg.
    • Plasma acyclovir concentrations were measured using radioimmunoassay at various time points.
    • Urinary elimination was quantified to determine drug recovery.

    Main Results:

    • The slow disposition half-life (t1/2beta) of acyclovir ranged from 1.8 to 3.7 hours.
    • Peak plasma concentrations varied based on dose and infusion duration, with higher levels observed after 1-hour infusions.
    • Mean urinary elimination accounted for approximately 44.7% of the administered acyclovir doses.
    • No significant clinical or laboratory abnormalities were reported in the study participants.

    Conclusions:

    • Intravenous acyclovir exhibits a predictable pharmacokinetic profile in patients with advanced malignancies.
    • Infusion duration influences peak plasma concentrations, suggesting potential for dose adjustments based on administration strategy.
    • Acyclovir was well-tolerated in this patient cohort, with no observed adverse events.

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