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Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
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Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

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Viral hepatitis in homosexual men

K A Fawaz, D S Matloff

    Gastroenterology
    |September 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    In homosexual men, acute hepatitis A and B are sexually transmitted diseases. Most cases were hepatitis A (70%), with significant prior infection rates for both hepatitis types.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Acute viral hepatitis is a significant health concern.
    • Understanding transmission routes is crucial for public health interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the etiological agents of acute viral hepatitis in homosexual men.
    • To determine the transmission patterns of hepatitis A and B in this population.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 33 episodes of acute viral hepatitis.
    • Serological testing for hepatitis A and B markers.
    • Assessment of previous infection with heterologous hepatitis types.

    Main Results:

    • Hepatitis A accounted for 70% of cases; hepatitis B for 30%.

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  • No cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis were identified.
  • High rates of prior infection: 70% of hepatitis B patients had prior hepatitis A, and 74% of hepatitis A patients had prior hepatitis B.

    • Conclusions:

    • Hepatitis A is transmitted sexually in homosexual men, similar to hepatitis B.
    • The findings highlight the importance of sexual transmission in the epidemiology of viral hepatitis within this demographic.