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Abnormal dark adaptation in sickle cell anemia

J A Warth, A S Prasad, F Zwas

    The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine
    |August 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sickle cell anemia patients may experience impaired dark adaptation due to zinc deficiency. Supplementing with oral zinc improved dark adaptation in some patients, suggesting a link between zinc levels and vision in this population.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Hematology
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder.
    • Zinc deficiency is linked to vision problems like delayed dark adaptation.
    • Previous studies suggest a potential connection between sickle cell anemia and zinc deficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate dark adaptation in patients with sickle cell anemia.
    • To determine if zinc deficiency is associated with impaired dark adaptation in these patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied dark adaptation in 13 patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia.
    • Measured plasma and neutrophil zinc levels in patients.
    • Correlated zinc levels with dark adaptation test results.
    • Assessed the effect of oral zinc supplementation on dark adaptation.

    Main Results:

    • Six out of 13 patients exhibited delayed dark adaptation.
    • Patients with delayed dark adaptation had significantly lower neutrophil zinc levels (p < 0.01).
    • Plasma zinc levels did not significantly differ between groups.
    • Oral zinc treatment improved dark adaptation in three patients.
    • Neutrophil zinc levels showed an inverse correlation with dark adaptation impairment (r = -0.77, p < 0.01).

    Conclusions:

    • Patients with sickle cell anemia may have a reduced ability to adapt to darkness.
    • This visual impairment is potentially related to zinc deficiency.
    • Neutrophil zinc levels appear to be a more sensitive indicator than plasma levels for this deficiency.

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