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Renal involvement in leprosy

K S Peter, T Vijayakumar, D M Vasudevan

    Leprosy in India
    |April 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Leprosy patients often show reduced kidney function and non-specific nephritis, despite normal blood tests and no clinical signs of renal involvement. This highlights subclinical kidney issues in leprosy.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease, can affect various organs, including the kidneys.
    • Understanding the extent and nature of renal involvement in leprosy is crucial for patient management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To comprehensively assess renal involvement in non-lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy patients.
    • To compare kidney function and pathology between leprosy types and healthy controls.

    Main Methods:

    • Routine urinalysis, detailed blood and urine biochemistry.
    • Renal histopathological studies via percutaneous biopsy.
    • Comparison with 10 healthy controls.

    Main Results:

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  • Proteinuria present in 47% (non-lepromatous) and 46% (lepromatous) patients.
  • Low creatinine clearance observed in 82.3% (non-lepromatous) and 100% (lepromatous) patients.
  • Non-specific nephritis found in 71.4% of renal biopsies; 83.3% in non-lepromatous and 55.6% in lepromatous leprosy.

    • Conclusions:

    • Significant subclinical renal impairment, particularly reduced creatinine clearance, exists in leprosy patients.
    • Non-specific renal pathology is common, but specific markers like AFB, amyloid, or granulomas are absent.
    • No clear correlation found between renal pathology type and biochemical changes.