Evidence for zinc deficiency in aboriginal settlements in Northwestern Australia

Four coastal Aboriginal settlements in the northwest area of Australia have been investigated for plasma trace metal status--Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), and Iron (Fe). The 350 Aboriginals were considered in two groups; five to 20 years of age and 20 to 70 years of age. Forty per cent to 50% had plasma Zn levels below two standard deviations from the normal and 60% to 70% had plasma Cu levels greater than two standard deviations above the normal (almost 100% at Kalumburu). Hypoferraemia was common. These results are more significant than those of a previous study of 350 individuals living at two inland settlements. The coastal missions have access to fresh meat and fish, and at Kalumburu food is prepared for the people. While the climate, soil, and the Aboriginal predilection for white flour may play a role, it is speculated that the Zn deficiency is related to parasitic infestation in the intestine, loss of blood, and failure of zinc absorption.