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Nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum

R E Miller, G J Becker, R D Slabaugh

    Gastrointestinal Radiology
    |January 15, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Free air in the abdomen (pneumoperitoneum) often signals a surgical emergency from gastrointestinal perforations. However, this article details numerous non-surgical causes, expanding diagnostic considerations for clinicians.

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    Area of Science:

    • Radiology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Abdominal Surgery

    Background:

    • Radiographic free air in the abdomen typically indicates gastrointestinal perforation, a critical surgical condition.
    • Pneumoperitoneum, or free air, can also arise from non-surgical etiologies.
    • Accurate differentiation is vital for appropriate patient management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To comprehensively review and list the diverse nonsurgical causes of pneumoperitoneum.
    • To provide clinicians with an expanded differential diagnosis for free air in the abdomen.
    • To highlight conditions that mimic surgical emergencies but have benign origins.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic literature review of nonsurgical causes of pneumoperitoneum.
    • Categorization of identified causes based on etiology (e.g., iatrogenic, spontaneous, pathological).

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  • Synthesis of findings to create a comprehensive list and discussion.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of numerous benign and iatrogenic conditions leading to pneumoperitoneum.
    • Examples include post-procedural air, certain infections, and spontaneous conditions.
    • Detailed description of each nonsurgical cause and its clinical relevance.

    Conclusions:

    • Pneumoperitoneum is not exclusively indicative of surgical emergencies.
    • A broad spectrum of nonsurgical causes must be considered in radiographic findings of free air.
    • Recognizing these alternatives can prevent unnecessary surgical interventions.