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Autopsy sampling and elemental analysis: errors arising from post-mortem changes

G V Iyengar

    The Journal of Pathology
    |July 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Post-mortem changes significantly alter organ elemental composition. Liver weight and elemental concentrations, including potassium, sodium, and trace elements, change due to tissue degeneration and fluid shifts.

    Area of Science:

    • Forensic Science
    • Biochemistry
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Post-mortem changes, including cell swelling, imbibition, and autolysis, affect tissue integrity.
    • Understanding elemental composition shifts is crucial for interpreting post-mortem findings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of post-mortem changes on the elemental composition of rat liver.
    • To quantify changes in major and trace elements following varying post-mortem intervals and storage conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Rat livers were analyzed after storage at ambient temperature for different durations.
    • Livers were also analyzed after freezing at -15°C and subsequent thawing.
    • Elemental concentrations and total content were measured and compared to control values.

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    Main Results:

    • Significant liver weight loss occurred due to tissue degeneration and liquefaction.
    • Potassium (K+) concentration decreased up to 30% and total content over 40% due to cell lysis.
    • Sodium (Na+) showed variable concentration and content changes due to fluid shifts.
    • Trace elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Rb, Zn) exhibited fluctuations, with total content losses of 20-40%.

    Conclusions:

    • Post-mortem degradation significantly alters elemental distribution in organs like the liver.
    • Changes in elemental concentrations are influenced by cellular integrity and extracellular fluid dynamics.
    • These elemental shifts must be considered in forensic and toxicological analyses of post-mortem samples.