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Folding up genes and chromosomes

B A Hamkalo, J B Rattner

    The Quarterly Review of Biology
    |December 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The higher-order chromatin fiber (200-300 A) has a mosaic structure with distinct packing domains. These domains influence gene function and organization, with active genes forming loops.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • The basic chromatin fiber consists of nucleosomes separated by DNA.
    • In vivo, this fiber folds into a higher-order structure (200-300 A diameter).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze nucleosome distribution within the higher-order chromatin fiber.
    • To understand the relationship between chromatin structure and gene function.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of negatively stained chromatin fibers from metaphase cells and interphase nuclei.
    • Mechanical disruption to release chromatin fibers.

    Main Results:

    • The 200-300 A fiber exhibits a mosaic structure with discrete packing domains of high nucleosome density.

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  • Adjacent domains are connected by thinner regions with lower nucleosome density.
  • Active ribosomal RNA genes are organized as loops.

    • Conclusions:

    • The higher-order chromatin fiber is mosaic, with domains differing in composition, potentially conferring sequence specificity.
    • Chromatin higher-order structure is related to the functional state of genes.
    • Chromatin fibers organize into loops, consistent with radial loop models of chromosome folding.