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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Effect of aging on the electrocardiogram

S Bachman, D Sparrow, L K Smith

    The American Journal of Cardiology
    |September 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns change with age. This study confirms longitudinal ECG changes in men, showing reduced wave amplitudes and axis shifts over a decade.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Gerontology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Cross-sectional studies suggest age-related differences in electrocardiogram (ECG) wave patterns.
    • These differences include lower wave amplitudes and leftward frontal plane axis shifts in older individuals.
    • Cross-sectional data cannot definitively distinguish aging effects from cohort effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate longitudinal changes in electrocardiographic (ECG) patterns in healthy men over a 10-year period.
    • To determine if previously observed cross-sectional age differences in ECG parameters represent true aging trends.
    • To analyze serial ECG recordings in the same individuals to track age-related cardiovascular changes.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized serial electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings from 440 healthy male participants in the Normative Aging Study.

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  • Recordings were obtained 10 years apart, with participants aged 23–66 at the first examination.
  • Analyzed changes in wave amplitudes (R, S, T), interval durations (P-R, Q-T, QRS), and frontal plane axis over the 10-year interval.

    • Main Results:

    • Longitudinal analysis confirmed cross-sectional findings: smaller R and S wave amplitudes and a leftward frontal plane axis shift with aging.
    • Observed significant longitudinal increases in P-R and Q-T interval durations.
    • Noted a longitudinal decrease in QRS duration and T wave amplitude.
    • The rate of S wave amplitude decrease varied by age group, being faster in younger men.

    Conclusions:

    • Serial ECG recordings validate that specific electrocardiographic changes observed cross-sectionally are indeed longitudinal trends associated with aging in men.
    • Aging is associated with distinct alterations in cardiac electrical activity, including changes in wave morphology and conduction intervals.
    • These findings contribute to understanding normal cardiovascular aging and refining age-specific electrocardiographic reference ranges.