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Environment, temperature and death rates

G M Bull, J Morton

    Age and Ageing
    |November 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Environmental temperature significantly impacts mortality rates from myocardial infarction, strokes, and pneumonia, particularly in the elderly. Both extreme cold and heat increase death rates, with longer temperature deviations posing greater risks.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Gerontology

    Background:

    • Monthly and daily death records from England and Wales, and New York were analyzed.
    • Previous research indicated associations between temperature and mortality for most diseases, excluding cancers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between ambient temperature and daily mortality from myocardial infarction, stroke, and pneumonia.
    • To determine the influence of temperature changes duration and the elderly's susceptibility.

    Main Methods:

    • Statistical analysis of daily death data correlated with daily minimum temperatures.
    • Examination of short-term (1-2 days) versus medium/long-term (7+ days) temperature change effects.
    • Analysis of time lags between temperature changes and mortality events.

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    Main Results:

    • Mortality from myocardial infarction, stroke, and pneumonia showed a U-shaped relationship with minimum temperature, increasing below -10°C and above 20°C.
    • The elderly exhibited a stronger association between temperature and mortality.
    • Medium-term and longer-term temperature changes had a more significant impact on death rates than short-term changes.
    • Time lags between temperature change and death were shortest for myocardial infarction (1-2 days), intermediate for stroke (3-4 days), and longest for pneumonia (~7 days).

    Conclusions:

    • A probable causal relationship exists between temperature variations and mortality from various diseases.
    • Autonomic thermoregulation failure in the elderly is a potential proximal mechanism.
    • The observed mortality risk is present across all temperature ranges, not solely attributable to hypothermia.