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Bidirectional selection for open-field activity in young chicks

J M Faure

    Behavior Genetics
    |March 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Selection for open-field activity in chicks over eight generations showed symmetric responses in most traits. This suggests stabilizing natural selection, not directional, has shaped chick behavior.

    Area of Science:

    • Ethology
    • Behavioral Genetics
    • Evolutionary Biology

    Background:

    • Open-field behavior is a common ethological measure used to assess anxiety and exploratory activity in animals.
    • Understanding the genetic basis and evolutionary pressures on behavior is crucial for interpreting animal welfare and ecological adaptation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of artificial selection on open-field activity in young chicks over eight generations.
    • To determine the evolutionary forces (stabilizing vs. directional selection) acting on these behavioral traits.

    Main Methods:

    • A selection program was implemented for open-field activity in two strains of 2-day-old chicks over eight generations.
    • Key behavioral parameters including latency to move and activity measures were recorded and analyzed.

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  • Heritability and heterotic effects were assessed to infer selection pressures.

    • Main Results:

    • All measured behavioral characters responded to the eight generations of selection.
    • The response to selection was largely symmetric between the two selected strains.
    • Distributions for activity measures and latencies showed minimal overlap after selection, with exceptions in latency to move and defecation percentage.

    Conclusions:

    • The symmetric response, high heritability, and lack of heterotic effects indicate that open-field behavior in chicks is primarily shaped by stabilizing natural selection.
    • These findings align with previous observations on open-field behavior in chicks and other species, reinforcing the role of stabilizing selection in behavioral evolution.