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Related Experiment Videos

Self-blame and depressive symptoms

C Peterson, S M Schwartz, M E Seligman

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |August 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Internal attributions for negative events are linked to depression. Blaming character, not behavior, correlates with depressive symptoms, suggesting characterological blame is a concomitant, not a cause, of depression.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Clinical Psychology
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • Internal attributions for negative events are often linked to depression.
    • The specific role of characterological versus behavioral attributions in depression requires further clarification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between internal attributions (characterological vs. behavioral) and depressive symptoms.
    • To explore whether characterological blame precedes or co-occurs with depression.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed depressive symptoms and attributional styles in 87 female undergraduates.
    • Examined correlations between blame directed at character versus behavior and depressive symptoms.
    • Analyzed the temporal relationship between characterological blame and the onset of depressive symptoms over 6 and 12 weeks.

    Main Results:

    • Depressive symptoms correlated with blame directed at one's character, but not with blame directed at one's behavior.
    • Characterologically attributed bad events were perceived as less controllable, less stable, and more global than behaviorally attributed events.
    • Characterological blame increased with the number of negative life events experienced.
    • Characterological blame did not predict the onset of depressive symptoms at later time points.

    Conclusions:

    • Characterological blame is a strong concomitant of depression, but not a causal factor.
    • Attributional style, particularly blaming character, may develop through covariation analysis of negative life events.
    • Understanding attributional biases is crucial for differentiating depression correlates from causes.

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