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Embryology of the ventricular septum. Separate origin of its components
Insights
The ventricular septum forms from the bulboventricular fold and inlet septum in human embryos. This process shapes the adult ventricles, with parts of the fold becoming the trabecula septomarginalis.
Area of Science:
- Embryology
- Developmental Biology
- Human Anatomy
Background:
- The developing heart undergoes complex septation processes to form distinct chambers.
- Understanding ventricular septum formation is crucial for diagnosing congenital heart defects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the developmental origins and morphological contributions to the human ventricular septum.
- To detail the roles of the bulboventricular fold and inlet septum in septation.
Main Methods:
- Histological examination of human embryos.
- Analysis of embryonic cardiac structures from 3.6 to 25 mm CR-length.
Main Results:
- Two primary chambers, the bulbus and ventricle, precede septation.
- The bulboventricular fold contributes to the anterior ventricular septum and the trabecula septomarginalis.
- The inlet septum, of ventricular origin, fuses posteriorly with the developing ventricular septum.
Conclusions:
- The human ventricular septum arises from multiple embryonic components.
- The trabecula septomarginalis delineates the inlet and outlet portions of the definitive right ventricle.
Abstract:
The formation of the ventricular septum was studied in human embryos ranging from 3.6 to 25 mm CR-length. Before septation, two distinct chambers are present which will contribute to the adult ventricles. They are called the bulbus and the ventricle. The circular constriction between these chambers is the bulboventricular fold. The anterior portion of the ventricular septum develops from this bulboventricular fold. Posteriorly, it fuses with a second septum, which is of purely ventricular origin. This is the inlet septum. Another portion of the bulboventricular fold persists as the trabecula septomarginalis. The trabecula septomarginalis divides the normal right ventricle into an inlet portion, stemming from the embryonic ventricle, and an outlet portion which derives from the bulbus.