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Abscesses complicating DTP vaccination

R H Bernier, J A Frank, T F Nolan

    American Journal of Diseases of Children (1960)
    |September 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Certain diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccines (DTP) from manufacturer A caused significantly more abscesses. This study investigated DTP vaccine abscess rates, finding higher risks with specific lots due to potential manufacturing or formulation issues.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Vaccinology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Abscess formation post-vaccination is a rare but concerning adverse event.
    • Initial reports indicated an unusual number of abscesses linked to specific diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTP) lots from manufacturer A.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and compare the rates of abscess formation associated with DTP vaccines from different manufacturers and lots.
    • To identify potential factors contributing to increased abscess rates observed with specific DTP vaccine batches.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of reported abscess cases following DTP vaccination.
    • Comparative rate calculation between DTP vaccine lots from manufacturer A and other manufacturers.
    • Exclusion of common causes like faulty technique, contamination, or hypersensitivity.

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    Main Results:

    • Manufacturer A's DTP vaccine lots 1 and 2 showed significantly higher abscess rates (1.1 per 1,000 doses) compared to other DTP products (0.01 per 1,000 doses).
    • A total of 93 abscesses were linked to manufacturer A's implicated lots.
    • Factors such as shared needles and high aluminum adjuvant content were hypothesized as potential causes.

    Conclusions:

    • Specific lots of DTP vaccine from manufacturer A were associated with a markedly increased risk of abscess formation.
    • The high aluminum adjuvant content and potential issues with vaccine preparation (e.g., needle reuse) may explain the elevated abscess rates.