Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrical Systems01:21

Electrical Systems

764
In electrical engineering, the analysis of networks composed of passive linear components — resistors (R), capacitors (C), and inductors (L) — is fundamental. These components are organized into circuits where the relationship between input and output can be analyzed using transfer functions. The transfer function of an RLC circuit, which relates the voltage across a capacitor to the input voltage, can be derived using Kirchhoff's laws.
To derive the transfer function, consider an RLC...
764
Electric Field01:16

Electric Field

12.9K
Consider two point charges, each exerting Coulomb force on the other. It is possible to describe the Coulomb interaction via an intermediate step by defining a new physical quantity called the electric field.
In the new picture, imagine that the first charge sets up an electric field independent of all other charges in the universe. When another charge comes in its vicinity, the second charge experiences an electric force depending on the electric field at that point. The source charge does not...
12.9K
Determining Electric Field From Electric Potential01:12

Determining Electric Field From Electric Potential

5.0K
The electric field and electric potential are related to each other. If the electric field at various points in the region of interest is known, it can be used to calculate the electric potential difference between any two points. Similarly, if the electric potential is known for various points, then it is possible to calculate the electric field.
In general, regardless of whether the electric field is uniform, it points in the direction of decreasing potential because the force on a positive...
5.0K
Finding Electric Potential From Electric Field01:13

Finding Electric Potential From Electric Field

5.6K
For a system of charges, it is easy to calculate the system's potential because potential is a scalar quantity. However, in some instances where calculating the electric field is more straightforward than finding the potential, the electric field is used to calculate the system's potential. For a positive charge, the electric field is radially outward, and the potential is positive at any finite distance from the positive charge. In such an electric field, the motion away from the...
5.6K
Electric Field Inside a Conductor01:20

Electric Field Inside a Conductor

7.5K
When a conductor is placed in an external electric field, the free charges in the conductor redistribute and very quickly reach electrostatic equilibrium. The resulting charge distribution and its electric field have many interesting properties, which can be investigated with the help of Gauss's law.
Suppose a piece of metal is placed near a positive charge. The free electrons in the metal are attracted to the external positive charge and migrate freely toward that region. This region then...
7.5K
Electric Field Lines01:25

Electric Field Lines

9.7K
The three-dimensional representation of the electric field of a positive point charge requires tracing the electric field vectors, whose lengths decrease as the square of their distance from the charge and which point away from the charge at each point. This vector field is no doubt challenging to visualize. The visualization of electric fields becomes quickly intractable as the number of charges increases.
The solution to this problem is to use electric field lines, which are not vectors but...
9.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Electromagnetic fields and breast cancer on Long Island: a case-control study.

American journal of epidemiology·2003
Same author

Thermal noise limit on the sensitivity of cellular membranes to power frequency electric and magnetic fields.

Bioelectromagnetics·2002
Same author

Study of high- and low-current-configuration homes from the 1988 Denver Childhood Cancer Study.

Bioelectromagnetics·2002
Same author

Magnetic fields produced by hand held hair dryers, stereo headsets, home sewing machines, and electric clocks.

Bioelectromagnetics·2002
Same author

Estimating the magnitude of the sum of two magnetic fields with uncertain spatial orientations, polarizations, and/or relative phase.

Bioelectromagnetics·2002
Same author

Residential magnetic fields, light-at-night, and nocturnal urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentration in women.

American journal of epidemiology·2001

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues
13:29

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues

Published on: May 15, 2021

5.7K

Interactive effects in 60-Hz electric-field exposure systems

W T Kaune

    Bioelectromagnetics
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study investigated how 60-Hz electric fields affect rats in cages. Results show that closer electrode spacing and animal proximity increase field exposure, while cages slightly reduce it.

    Area of Science:

    • Bioelectrics
    • Animal Exposure Systems
    • Electromagnetic Field Research

    Background:

    • Laboratory animal exposure to 60-Hz electric fields is typically defined by unperturbed field strength.
    • Accurate assessment of actual electric fields experienced by animals is crucial for research integrity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the perturbed electric fields experienced by rats housed in a parallel-plate exposure system.
    • To quantify the impact of electrode spacing, animal density, and housing on electric field exposure.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were housed in plastic cages within a parallel-plate electric field exposure system.
    • Measurements of electric fields at the animal's body surface and short-circuit current were taken.
    • Variations in electrode spacing and the number of animals per cage were systematically altered.

    More Related Videos

    External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
    08:32

    External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

    Published on: May 7, 2017

    14.0K
    Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro
    04:46

    Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro

    Published on: September 12, 2011

    10.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

    Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues
    13:29

    Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues

    Published on: May 15, 2021

    5.7K
    External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
    08:32

    External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

    Published on: May 7, 2017

    14.0K
    Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro
    04:46

    Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro

    Published on: September 12, 2011

    10.8K

    Main Results:

    • Reducing electrode spacing increased the electric field at the rat's body surface and the short-circuit current.
    • Simultaneous exposure of multiple rats led to increased field exposure compared to individual exposure.
    • Plastic cages generally reduced surface electric fields, with localized enhancements near walls.
    • Animal weight and time of day (light/dark cycle) influenced the reduction in short-circuit current when housed with other rats.

    Conclusions:

    • The unperturbed field strength is an insufficient measure for animal exposure in parallel-plate systems.
    • Electrode spacing and animal proximity significantly alter the electric field experienced by laboratory animals.
    • Further research is needed to refine exposure assessment methods for bioelectrics studies.