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Defects in hemostasis produced by antibiotics. An in vivo study in the rat
Abstract:
The effect of preoperative infusion of benzylpenicillin, carbenicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and doxycycline on hemostasis after standardized liver resection was studied in the rat. Plasma levels of each antibiotic were within the range of those found after administration of therapeutic doses in man. Bleeding time was prolonged and blood loss was increased in all cases of antibiotic administration compared with controls. APT time after liver resection was prolonged in the carbenicillin- and chloramphenicol-treated groups. Platelet function, assayed by ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation was impaired in benzylpenicillin-, carbenicillin- and chloramphenicol-treated animals.
Insights
Preoperative antibiotics like benzylpenicillin and chloramphenicol can negatively impact hemostasis after liver surgery. These drugs prolonged bleeding time and impaired platelet function in rat models, suggesting potential risks for surgical patients.
Area of Science:
- Surgical Research
- Pharmacology
- Hematology
Background:
- Antibiotic prophylaxis is common in surgical procedures.
- The impact of specific antibiotics on hemostasis, particularly after liver resection, requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effects of common preoperative antibiotics on hemostasis following liver resection in a rat model.
- To assess the influence of benzylpenicillin, carbenicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and doxycycline on bleeding time, blood loss, and platelet function.
Main Methods:
- Standardized liver resection was performed on rats.
- Rats received preoperative infusions of various antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, carbenicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline) at human therapeutic dose levels.
- Hemostasis parameters including bleeding time, blood loss, APT time, and platelet aggregation (ADP- and collagen-induced) were measured.
Main Results:
- All tested antibiotics significantly prolonged bleeding time and increased blood loss compared to control groups.
- Carbenicillin and chloramphenicol prolonged APT time post-liver resection.
- Benzylpenicillin, carbenicillin, and chloramphenicol impaired platelet aggregation, indicating reduced platelet function.
Conclusions:
- Preoperative administration of benzylpenicillin, carbenicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and doxycycline can adversely affect hemostasis after liver resection in rats.
- These findings suggest potential risks associated with using these antibiotics in patients undergoing liver surgery, particularly concerning bleeding complications and impaired platelet activity.