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Congenital malformations surveillance: two American systems

L D Edmonds, P M Layde, L M James

International Journal of Epidemiology

|September 1, 1981

Summary

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) uses two surveillance systems to monitor birth defects nationwide and in Atlanta. These systems help detect potential epidemics and aid epidemiological studies of congenital malformations.

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Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Public Health
Genetics

Background:

Congenital malformations pose a significant public health concern.
Effective surveillance is crucial for understanding birth defect patterns and causes.
Historical events, like thalidomide exposure, highlight the need for robust monitoring systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) two primary birth defect surveillance systems.
To outline the methodologies employed by these systems for identifying congenital malformations.
To emphasize the utility of these systems beyond mere monitoring, including epidemiological research.

Main Methods:

Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Programme (MACDP): Intensive surveillance using multiple methods in Atlanta.
Birth Defects Monitoring Programme (BDMP): Nationwide monitoring of 1 million births annually via newborn discharge summaries.
Both systems are designed for early detection of potential birth defect clusters.

Main Results:

The MACDP provides in-depth data for a specific geographic area.
The BDMP offers broad, national-level data on birth defect occurrences.
These surveillance systems have proven valuable for epidemiological research into birth defects.

Conclusions:

The CDC's dual approach to birth defect surveillance provides comprehensive data for public health.
These systems are essential tools for identifying trends and potential environmental or genetic factors in congenital malformations.
Continued operation and research utilizing these surveillance programs are vital for protecting infant health.