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Self-esteem discrepancies and depression

R B Schafer, P M Keith

    The Journal of Psychology
    |September 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Depression is linked to how partners in a marriage perceive their own and their spouse's self-esteem. Mismatched self-appraisals between spouses correlate with increased depressive symptoms in long-term relationships.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Social Psychology
    • Clinical Psychology

    Background:

    • Self-esteem plays a crucial role in mental well-being.
    • Interpersonal dynamics within intimate relationships can significantly impact individual mental health.
    • Previous research suggests a link between self-perception and depression, but the role of relational discrepancies needs further exploration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between self-esteem discrepancies and depression within married couples.
    • To examine if differences in self-appraisals between partners predict depressive symptoms.
    • To explore the relationship between an individual's self-perception, their perception of their spouse's appraisal, and their spouse's actual appraisal in relation to depression.

    Main Methods:

    • A cross-sectional study involving 333 married couples (666 individuals).
    • Utilized questionnaires to measure individual self-appraisals, perceived spouse appraisals, and spouse's actual appraisals.
    • Assessed depressive symptoms in all participants.
    • Calculated absolute discrepancies between these self-appraisal components.
    • Correlated discrepancy scores with depression scores.

    Main Results:

    • Significant positive correlations were found between absolute discrepancies in self-appraisals and depression.
    • Findings supported the hypothesis that greater discrepancies are associated with higher levels of depression.
    • Specific types of discrepancies (e.g., self vs. perceived spouse appraisal) showed varying strengths of association with depression.

    Conclusions:

    • Self-esteem discrepancies within a marriage are significantly related to depression.
    • The way partners perceive themselves, their spouse's view of them, and their spouse's actual view are all relevant to mental health outcomes.
    • Addressing these relational self-esteem discrepancies may be a target for interventions aimed at reducing depression in long-term intimate relationships.

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