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Opioid modulation of ingestive behavior

J E Jalowiec, J Panksepp, A J Zolovick

    Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
    |September 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Endogenous opioid systems influence eating and drinking behaviors. Opioid agonists like morphine increase intake, while antagonists like naloxone decrease it, suggesting a role in regulating ingestive behaviors.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Behavioral Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Endogenous opioid systems play a role in regulating physiological processes.
    • Opioid modulation of ingestive behaviors (feeding and drinking) is an area of ongoing research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of endogenous opioid systems in the modulation of ingestive behaviors.
    • To determine the effects of opioid agonists and antagonists on food and water intake in rats.

    Main Methods:

    • Administered low doses of morphine (opioid agonist) and naloxone (opioid antagonist) to mildly-deprived rats.
    • Utilized chronic infusions of naloxone via osmotic mini-pumps for sustained administration.
    • Assessed intake of food, water, saccharin solution, and glucose solution under various conditions.

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    Main Results:

    • Morphine increased food and water intake, while naloxone decreased it, in both acute and chronic tests.
    • Chronic naloxone infusions suppressed intake of food, water, and saccharin, but not glucose or food after deprivation.
    • Naloxone's effect was similar for day and night feeding, even when daytime feeding was enhanced.

    Conclusions:

    • Opioid agonists and antagonists oppositely affect ingestive behaviors, supporting the involvement of endogenous opioid systems.
    • The role of opioid systems may be indirect, influencing homeostatic regulation through emotional tone and goal-directed behaviors.