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Cerebral cortex responds rapidly to thyroid hormones

J L Leonard, M M Kaplan, T J Visser

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |October 30, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Type-2 iodothyronine 5'deiodinase (D2) in skeletal muscle of C57Bl/6 mice. II. Evidence for a role of D2 in the hypermetabolism of thyroid hormone receptor alpha-deficient mice.

    Endocrinology·2011

    Thyroidectomy in rats rapidly increased cerebral cortex iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase. Thyroxine replacement prevented this, and triiodothyronine normalized it, showing the adult central nervous system responds quickly to thyroid hormone.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Thyroid Hormone Metabolism

    Background:

    • Thyroid hormones are crucial for central nervous system (CNS) development and function.
    • The enzyme iodothyronine 5 -deiodinase (5 -D) regulates thyroid hormone activation and inactivation.
    • Little is known about the rapid biochemical responses of the adult CNS to thyroid hormone fluctuations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the acute biochemical response of the adult rat cerebral cortex to altered thyroid hormone levels.
    • To determine the role of iodothyronine 5 -deiodinase in this response.

    Main Methods:

    • Thyroidectomy was performed on adult rats to induce hypothyroidism.
    • Cerebral cortex iodothyronine 5 -deiodinase activity was measured at various time points post-thyroidectomy.

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  • Effects of thyroxine (T4) replacement and triiodothyronine (T3) administration were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Thyroidectomy led to a 2- to 4-fold increase in cerebral cortex iodothyronine 5 -deiodinase activity within 24 hours.
    • This increase was abolished by concurrent thyroxine (T4) administration.
    • A single intravenous injection of triiodothyronine (T3) normalized the elevated enzyme activity in hypothyroid rats within 4 hours.

    Conclusions:

    • The adult rat cerebral cortex exhibits a rapid and significant biochemical adaptation to thyroid hormone deficiency.
    • Iodothyronine 5 -deiodinase activity is a key player in the CNS's rapid response to changes in thyroid hormone status.
    • These findings highlight the dynamic regulation of thyroid hormone bioavailability in the adult brain.