Advancements in ptosis surgery

Ptosis has been treated in the past by vertical lid shortening, true levator resection or tucking, brow suspension, and superior rectus suspension. The last mentioned type of repair has all but been abandoned. Advances in vertical shortening procedures have been many. I have included those that seem to me to be significant. True levator surgery has not changed substantially, but the few changes have been good ones. Brow suspension material has been varied. Popularity is returning to autogenous fascia lata, as it should. Postoperative control of lid level when fascia lata is being used is discussed. Future advancements will probably center on the preservation of the effect of Müller's sympathetic muscle. This valuable asset to ptosis surgery has been largely neglected in the past.